Chipper/Shredder!

For a long time, i’ve been trying to build large amount of compost, but a lot of the green matter available is just too tough, so i’ve spent a lot of hours chopping it by hand into little pieces, with a clipper, by hand. Family and neighbors have stopped and stared, astonished at the manual labor, poking fun at me.

When i heard there was such a thing as a chipper/shredder, a search began. It’s a class of machines, gas or electric, not as big as a wood chipper, made for shredding brush and small branches. I looked online (nobody would ship to Hawai’i), i called stores, i called rental companies. No luck. Finally, a week ago i was whining about it at a potluck, and a nice older couple said, “Hey, we’ve got one of those, haven’t used it in years, would you like it?”

Would i! Paid $200, got it home, figured out how to take it apart and sharpen the blades. Started it up and… it’s incredible. Branches, long stringy grass, wet green ginger stalks, you name it, it shreds into a slurry which is perfect for going right into the compost pile.

Yesterday, i saw our neighbors driving a truck of plant debris across their land to dump it. I hollered over the fence, and soon found myself in possession of a whole big truckload of hapu’u branches and ginger stalks. Into the chipper it went, and made a whole huge pile of beautiful green matter. Although there is a little bit of wood chip and dry matter in the mix, there is still plenty of green for effective composting (Nitrogen / Carbon ratio).

Yes, i look like a dweeb in safety glasses, but Deb made me promise to wear them.

Now, there is an issue to wrestle with. We’re aspiring to permacultural ideals; reducing petroleum usage for farm inputs is definitely important. On the other hand, rapidly producing a large amount of compost is critically important to farming organic, biodynamic, biointensive, whatever you want to call it. If i use some amount of gas to do it – versus spending countless hours on manual labor – it is a net plus or minus? How different is it from using a lawn mower then gathering the clippings for compost? Should i have insisted on an electric-powered shredder – as our electricity on this island is 20-30% renewable geothermal? Is the only “true” sustainable thing toiling all day in an agrarian society? Am i selling out, or is everyone selling out by using metal tools, which were produced most certainly with huge amounts of coal? How much fertility would have been produced by turning that petroleum into chemical fertilizer, versus the compost from using it to run my shredder instead? Complex.

Nancy Redfeather’s Kawanui Farm

On Saturday, Deb and i made the long trip to Honalo (mid-Kona coast) to attend a morning tour of a mini-farm. The event was called Eat your way to sustainability:

“See a real life model of organic sustainable home food production, value added products, and income crops. Includes tour of vegetable gardens, coffee orchard of 12 varieties, and fruit/nut/spice orchards, coffee tasting from our many varieties, home juice production and tasting, and seed packets from our very own seed saving to get started!”

It was indeed a great visit, all that and more. (I did have to grapple with the irony of 4 hours of gasoline driving for a 3 hour class on sustainability.) It is just 1.2 acres, yet intensive enough to produce a lot. The house is at the top of the land, with a view looking down on the top half of the farm area:

Here we are getting a tour of the intensive ‘test garden’, where seeds are grown and varieties are tried. The compost was interesting, done in-place right on the bed. They do not use any manure inputs, it is not hot, but a ‘cold pile’ composting which is still plenty fast enough in a tropical climate:

I absorbed several hours of fascinating information about how various vegetables and fruits can be efficiently grown in that specific climate – Kona at 1400′ elevation – some of which hopefully also applies to us – Hamakua at 2600′. Most of their crops certainly grow faster and larger, big eggplants, giant beets! I don’t know how much of that is due to elevation. And they had a lot of crops growing out in the open (peppers, squash, tomatoes!) which we could never do, fruit fly would get them.

Nancy served us some cornbread which was, incredibly, corn she grew and ground herself:

I must underscore how rare and precious this was, given that Hawai’i grows basically no grains or legumes.

One of their fascinating crops was the Mysore Raspberry. There are no berry crops that do well enough in Hawai’i to produce abundantly, but this one is apparently good for a tropical environment:

There’s way too much to relate from our tour – the interesting greenhouse practices, the best coffee i’ve ever tasted – it would take a whole book or website. Overall, i was both inspired that so much was possible, yet also frustrated that our own attempts to grow food have been so much more work-intensive and less productive. When so much is specific to location and climate, i might spend decades just trying to figure out how to get high productivity out of my Hamakua land. I guess i can just forge ahead and improve gradually.

Tomato and Fava update

A while ago, i planted some cherry tomato bushes (rumor has it fruit flies rarely bother the small ones) and some fava beans (as a cover crop / chicken food experiment.) Here’s an update. The tomatoes grew up nice and fast, made flowers, started to set a couple fruit, and then…. blight:

tomato

You can see that the ends of the plant are still bright green healthy and flowering, but the older parts (including where the fruit should be ripening) quickly die off. Result: no tomatoes at all. Frustrating.

As a cover crop, my thicket of fava bean plants turned out wildly successful:

fava1

Interestingly, they failed when planted in a thin row (succumbing to aphids and other problems) but as a dense array, they did great. Strength in numbers, i suppose. I even dared to hope that this time, i might get actual beans. The plants all made beautiful flowers, and a lot of bees visited. However, at 5-6 months of age, there was just that – tons of flowers, but no sign of beans forming.

On April 26, i gave up and started to pull them all up, for use as compost. That’s when i noticed that a couple of the larger plants …. actually had some beans on them!

fava2

So, i left most of the patch standing. Maybe they just need a lot of time. Maybe i planted them at the wrong time of year (winter… but they are supposed to be a cold-season crop… at least in a temperate climate.) Maybe they don’t like my elevation or soil or something (they are supposed to fix nitrogen, but i don’t think they are, next time i will try inoculating.) I’ll leave them up long enough to find out whether we’ll end up with a reasonable amount of beans.

Tea cuttings not making roots

Like many of the tea growers on the island, i’ve attempting to start my own tea from cuttings, with not much luck. So far i’ve tried 13 batches of cuttings, from 10 different sources. So far, only one batch (from Eliah’s plants) had a decent success rate. All of them from random (non-cultivar) sources have done very poorly. I keep a spreadsheet and do an inventory each month.  Out of around 1000 cuttings, i have had to cull around 600 so far. This is a lot of work.

I’ve noticed one thing, though, about the cuttings that don’t make it. Some die quickly, others die slowly, and some take a very long time, holding onto their green leaves for weeks or months until finally giving up. When i pull these out of their pots, many of them have what appear to be “root balls” on them. Some pictures to illustrate:

root1 root2 root3

It looks like these branches really tried to make roots, but each time it just made a short root and stopped, resulting in these “balls”. What could cause such a thing – plant disease? lack of nutrients? nematodes? too much or not enough water? It doesn’t seem to be systemic – some plants, right next to a failure, with the same potting mix, did great with lots of healthy roots, so it’s probably not the soil composition.

Anyone have any idea? Email me.